This entry is an analysis of the fairness principle as provided for in Article 5(1)(a) of the General Data Protection Regulation. The analysis tracks this principle's uncertain contours and also points to its constitutional foundations with reference to Article 8 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union.

Children and young people throughout the world have felt the effects of Coronavirus Disease 2019 and the decisions made in response to the public health crisis acutely. Questions have been raised about adequately protecting children’s privacy, as schooling, play and socialising went almost exclusively online. However, due to the historical lack of children’s rights being embedded throughout decision-making processes (including important participation rights), the effects of the increased surveillance as a result of the pandemic have not been thoroughly considered. This article pursues three objectives. First, it seeks to develop the literature on the enabling aspects of privacy for children in relation to education and play. Second, it seeks to expand the discussion on the exploitative risks endemic in not protecting children’s privacy, including not only violent harms, but commercial exploitation. Third, it suggests some policy responses that will more effectively embed a children’s rights framework beyond the ‘parental control’ provisions that dominate child-specific data protection frameworks.

Children's Rights and eSports.

This chapter, by Peggy Valcke, Damian Clifford, and Viltė Kristina Steponėnaitė, will appear in Constitutional Challenges in the Algorithmic Society, Giovanni De Gregorio et al. (eds) (Forthcoming CUP). It discusses legal-ethical challenges posed by the emergence of emotional artificial intelligence (AI) and its manipulative capabilities.